Technical articles
¸ÐлÄúµÄÖ§³Ö£¬ÎÒ»á¼ÌÐøŬÁ¦µÄ!
´ò¿ªÖ§¸¶±¦É¨Ò»É¨£¬¼´¿É½øÐÐɨÂë´òÉÍŶ
I. Introduction
As the world energy crisis intensifies, all countries are seeking solutions to the energy crisis. One way is to seek the use of new energy and renewable energy. The other is to seek new energy-saving technologies to reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency. Solar energy is the most direct, universal and cleanest energy on earth. As a huge renewable energy, the radiant energy reaching the earth's surface every day is about 2.5 billion barrels of oil, which can be said to be inexhaustible. Solar energy as a safe, environmental protection of new energy more and more attention. At the same time, with the development and progress of solar photovoltaic technology, the advantages of solar lamp products in environmental protection and energy saving, the application of solar street lights, solar garden lights, lawn lights and other aspects has gradually formed a scale, and the development of solar power in the field of street lighting has become increasingly perfect.
Global energy shortage and environmental pollution are particularly prominent in China, which is experiencing rapid economic development. Energy saving and environmental protection are urgent problems for China to achieve sustainable social and economic development. The annual lighting energy consumption accounts for about 12% ~ 15% of the total electricity consumption. As a large energy consumption, we must find a new generation of energy saving and environmental protection light sources that can replace the traditional light sources as soon as possible. According to a special survey conducted by the National Green Lighting Project Promotion Project Office, China's annual lighting electricity consumption is more than 300 billion KWH, and road lighting accounts for one-third of the electricity consumption if replaced by solar energy, which is equivalent to the annual power generation of the Three Gorges Project with a total investment of more than 200 billion yuan.
Ii. National Policies
China's photovoltaic power generation industry started in the 1970s. After more than 30 years of efforts, it has ushered in a new stage of rapid development. Under the national projects such as "bright project" and "send power to township" and world photovoltaic market, our country photovoltaic power industry develops rapidly. By the end of 2007, the cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaic systems in China reached 100,000 kilowatts, and the output of solar cells reached 2 million kilowatts in 2008. Since the second half of 2008, the financial crisis has threatened China, and photovoltaic enterprises have been deeply affected: orders have decreased and polysilicon prices have dropped. The impact of this financial crisis is profound, but solar energy, with its unique advantages, determines that its development trend has not changed and cannot change. The financial crisis is not necessarily a bad thing for the solar industry, which is in the stage of industry reshuffle, but has practical significance to promote the rapid upgrading of the industry. In addition, some measures implemented by the central government are aimed at stimulating domestic demand, rural economic development, and the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, which is very beneficial to the development of solar heat utilization industry.
Under the financial crisis, China introduced the "solar Energy roof project" in March 2009, and on July 21, 2009, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the National Energy Administration jointly announced the launch of "Golden Sun" demonstration project in our country. These policies will promote the development of the domestic solar power market. Under the strong policy guidance of the Chinese government, the photovoltaic industry has not only made domestic enterprises see opportunities, but also attracted the attention of the world. The Leading Party Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has officially approved the launch of the solar energy Action Plan. The plan takes solar energy as an important energy source around 2050 as its long-term goal, and sets targets in three stages: distributed utilization in 2015, alternative utilization in 2025, and large-scale utilization in 2035. The solar energy industry has a broad development prospect in the Chinese market.
Both now and in the future, solar energy has a huge market prospect. The potential of solar energy is a clean, efficient and sustainable renewable energy. At the same time, using solar energy is also a wise choice. If you use solar panels to power your appliances, you'll know it when you get your monthly electric bill. Plus, solar is the eco-friendly choice -- you'll be proud to know that going solar will leave a greener world for your kids.
Three, the advantages of solar street lamps
1, the installation of the mains lighting street lamp is complex: the mains lighting street lamp project has a complex operation procedure, the first is to lay the cable, here it is necessary to carry out the excavation of the cable trench, laying hidden pipe, pipe threading, backfilling and a large number of basic engineering. Then for a long time to install and debug, if any line has a problem, to a large area of rework. Moreover, terrain and routes require complex terrain and high cost of labor and auxiliary materials. Solar street lamp installation is easy: solar street lamp installation, do not lay complex lines, as long as a cement base, and then fixed with stainless steel screws.
2. High electricity charges for mains lighting street lamps: mains lighting street lamps need to pay high fixed electricity charges, and need long-term uninterrupted maintenance or replacement of lines and other configurations, and the maintenance cost is increasing year by year. Solar road lamps free of electricity: Solar street lamps are a one-time investment, almost no maintenance costs, long-term benefits.
3. There are security risks in the mains lighting street lamps: the mains lighting street lamps will bring many security risks in the construction quality, the transformation of landscape engineering, the aging of materials, the abnormal power supply, and the conflict of water and electrical pipelines. Rural solar street lights have no safety risks: solar street lights are ultra-low pressure products, safe and reliable operation. Other advantages of solar streetlights: Green.
4. In summary, the solar street lamp has the characteristics of safety and no hidden dangers, energy saving and no consumption, green environmental protection, easy installation, automatic control and maintenance-free.
Four, solar street lighting system design
1. Composition of solar street lamps
Solar street lamp consists of the following parts: solar panel, solar controller, battery, light source, lamp pole and support.
2. Introduction of working principle
Solar street lamp is a solar panel made by the principle of photovoltaic effect. During the day, it receives solar radiation energy and converts it into electrical energy output, which is stored in the battery through the charge and discharge controller. At night, when the illumination gradually decreases to about 5lux and the solar panel open-circuit voltage is about 4.5V, the charge and discharge controller acts after detecting this voltage value. The battery discharges the lamp cap. After 12 hours of battery discharge, the charge and discharge controller acts and the battery discharge ends. The main function of the charge and discharge controller is to control the opening and closing of the street lamp, while protecting the battery and extending the service life of the battery.
Schematic diagram of solar street lamp system
3. System design
3.1. Overall design
According to the "Lighting Design Standard for Industrial Enterprises" and "Urban Road Lighting Design Standard", the average illuminance of main road in the factory area is 12lux with 0.35 evenness, the average illuminance of secondary road is 8lux with 0.35 evenness, and the average illuminance of branch road is 5lux with 0.3 evenness. The design fully takes into account the short sunshine time in winter, and we take a number of measures to ensure 100% lighting rate throughout the year. Specific aspects are as follows:
A. We have increased the output power of solar panels. Under normal circumstances, 150WP*2 solar panels can work normally for 90W light source. In order to ensure 100% lighting rate throughout the year, we added the complementary function of mains power for this project, which can automatically switch to mains power supply when the battery is under voltage.
B. Combined with the capacity and voltage of a single cell of cascade battery, we matched a single 116AH cell to form a battery pack with 6 series and 1 parallel. The actual standard capacity is 22.2v116ah.
Design effect
1. illumination
The maximum horizontal illuminance is 20Lux;
The minimum horizontal illuminance is 5Lux;
The average horizontal illuminance is 12Lux;
2. Color rendering index: more than 80;
3. Color temperature: 4000K.
3.2 Design of solar cell modules
Solar panels are the core part of solar street lamps, and also the most valuable part of solar street lamps. Its function is to convert the sun's radiation capacity into electricity, which is sent to the storage battery for storage. Among many solar cells, monocrystalline silicon solar cells and polycrystalline silicon solar cells are common and practical. In the eastern and western regions with sufficient sunlight and good sunshine, it is better to use polysilicon solar cells, because the production process of polysilicon solar cells is relatively simple and the price is lower than that of single crystal. In the rainy days more, the sun is relatively not very sufficient in the southern region, the use of monocrystalline silicon solar cells is good, because the performance parameters of monocrystalline silicon solar cells are relatively stable. Due to the characteristics of short average sunshine in Foshan (the calculated average hours of illumination are about 3.8H/ day), we adopted monocrystal silicon solar panels through comprehensive comparison and analysis of the local geographical environment, and solar modules with a total power of 300WP were selected to ensure that the lights could be on normally in continuous rain. To give full play to its performance and ensure the stability of the system.
3.3. Design of solar controller
No matter the size of solar lamps, a good performance charge and discharge controller is essential. The controller not only prolongs the service life of the battery, but also restricts its charging and discharging conditions to prevent overcharging and deep charging of the battery. The controller also has a temperature compensation function where the temperature difference is large. At the same time, the solar controller also has the street lamp control function, with light control, time control, complementary functions of the mains, and has the automatic load control function at night, which is convenient to extend the working time of the street lamp in rainy days.
3.4. Internet of Things module
The solar energy system adds 4G Internet of Things module to realize remote reading and control of the controller, save lamp data, and realize fault alarm and other functions.
3.5. Light poles and supports
(1) Inclination design
In order for the solar cell module to receive the maximum amount of solar radiation during the year, we need to choose an optimal Angle for the solar cell module. In recent years, the discussion about the optimal inclination Angle of solar cell modules has appeared a lot in some academic journals. The street lamp will be used in Chongqing, and the Angle of the solar module bracket will be 30 degrees.
(2) Wind resistance design
In solar street lamp system, wind resistance design is a very important structural problem. The wind resistance design is mainly divided into two pieces, one is the wind resistance design of the battery module bracket, and the other is the wind resistance design of the lamp pole. The following are analyzed according to the above two pieces:
A. Wind resistance design of solar cell module bracket
According to the technical specifications of the battery module manufacturer, the upwind pressure of the solar module can be 2700Pa. If the wind resistance coefficient is selected as 27m/s (equivalent to a category 10 typhoon), the wind pressure of the battery module is only 365Pa according to the non-viscous hydrodynamics. Therefore, the component itself can fully withstand 27m/s wind speed without damage. Therefore, the key consideration in the design is the connection between the battery assembly bracket and the light pole. In the design of this street lamp system, bolt rod is used to fix the connection between the battery module bracket and the lamp pole.
B. Wind resistance design of street lamp poles
Use the old light pole transformation, do not elaborate.
(3) Surface treatment
Use the old light pole transformation, do not elaborate.
3.6 Lightning protection grounding:
The working voltage of LED street lamp is generally 12V or 24V, which is a safe voltage, and electrical protection grounding is not done.
Vi. Investment comparison between solar lamps and ordinary lamps
According to the solar mains complementation, analysis and comparison are made according to the service life of 10 years. See the table below:
Investment comparison between solar lamps and ordinary lamps
According to the above analysis, the one-time investment of solar energy is slightly higher than that of ordinary lamps and lanterns, but the operation cost and maintenance are greatly saved. Solar street lamps can be used for 25 years in addition to storage batteries. After 10 years, the economic benefits of solar street lamps will be more considerable, and they are fully in line with the relevant national policies of energy conservation and emission reduction, and for the benefit of future generations.
¹Ø×¢¹«ÖÚºÅ
Á˽â¸ü¶àÖǻ۸Ë֪ʶ
¹«ÖÚºÅ:HJC»Æ½ð³Ç(ÖйúÇø)¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾³ÇÊÐ
¼Ó΢ÐÅ
¹ºÂòÖǻ۸˲úÆ·
΢ÐźÅ:15606816991